Name of a prostitute in a story Buddha tells.
This name appears twice, referring to a king, who is a former incarnation of the Buddha, as well as an ascetic.
Name of a future buddha.
Name of a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
A king.
A bodhisattva, a former incarnation of the Buddha.
A buddha.
A major śrāvaka disciple and personal attendant of the Buddha Śākyamuni during the last twenty-five years of his life. He was a cousin of the Buddha (according to the Mahāvastu, he was a son of Śuklodana, one of the brothers of King Śuddhodana, which means he was a brother of Devadatta; other sources say he was a son of Amṛtodana, another brother of King Śuddhodana, which means he would have been a brother of Aniruddha).
Ānanda, having always been in the Buddha’s presence, is said to have memorized all the teachings he heard and is celebrated for having recited all the Buddha’s teachings by memory at the first council of the Buddhist saṅgha, thus preserving the teachings after the Buddha’s parinirvāṇa. The phrase “Thus did I hear at one time,” found at the beginning of the sūtras, usually stands for his recitation of the teachings. He became a patriarch after the passing of Mahākāśyapa.
A buddha.
A buddha.
A wealthy merchant in the town of Śrāvastī, famous for his generosity to the poor, who became a patron of the Buddha Śākyamuni. He bought Prince Jeta’s Grove (Skt. Jetavana), to be the Buddha’s first monastery, a place where the monks could stay during the monsoon.
A nāga king.
A buddha.
The continent to the west. One of the four main continents that surround the central mountain in classical Buddhist cosmology.
Mindfulness of the body, feelings, the mind, and dharmas.
Name of a past king, a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
A disciple of the Buddha. Before the Buddha’s awakening, Aśvajit was one of the five ascetics with whom he practiced.
A set of nine progressive stages of deepening mental absorption, including the four concentrations of the form realm, the four formless realms, and cessation.
A nāga king.
Name of a past king, a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
Four types of absorption related to intention, diligence, attention, and analysis respectively. Among the thirty-seven factors of awakening (q.v.).
Name of a brahmin, a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
Great lay follower of Buddha Śākyamuni.
A buddha.
A king; A former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
A buddha.
A king, former incarnation of the Buddha.
This term in its broadest sense can refer to any being, whether human, animal, or nonhuman. However, it is often used to refer to a specific class of nonhuman beings, especially when bhūtas are mentioned alongside rākṣasas, piśācas, or pretas. In common with these other kinds of nonhumans, bhūtas are usually depicted with unattractive and misshapen bodies. Like several other classes of nonhuman beings, bhūtas take spontaneous birth. As their leader is traditionally regarded to be Rudra-Śiva (also known by the name Bhūta), with whom they haunt dangerous and wild places, bhūtas are especially prominent in Śaivism, where large sections of certain tantras concentrate on them.
One of the eight hot hells.
One of the cold hells.
A nāga king.
Name of a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
A high-ranking deity presiding over a divine world; he is also considered to be the lord of the Sahā world (our universe). Though not considered a creator god in Buddhism, Brahmā occupies an important place as one of two gods (the other being Indra/Śakra) said to have first exhorted the Buddha Śākyamuni to teach the Dharma. The particular heavens found in the form realm over which Brahmā rules are often some of the most sought-after realms of higher rebirth in Buddhist literature. Since there are many universes or world systems, there are also multiple Brahmās presiding over them. His most frequent epithets are “Lord of the Sahā World” (sahāṃpati) and Great Brahmā (mahābrahman).
Name of a past king, a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
Name of a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
Name of a past king, a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
Name of a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
One of the cold hells.
Butön Rinchen Drup (bu ston rin chen grub).
A minister, former incarnation of the Buddha.
Edgerton identifies Cañcā as the name of a brahmin girl who appears in Buddhist sūtras such as the Laṇkāvatāra (BHSD, p. 222).
A god.
Name of a past king in a story Buddha tells.
A king.
A nāga king.
A sage; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
One of the cold hells.
Name of a dance instructor in a story Buddha tells.
’phags pa bcom ldan ’das kyi ye shes rgyas pa’i mdo sde rin po che mtha’ yas pa mthar phyin pa zhes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo. Toh 99, Degé Kangyur vol. 47 (mdo sde, ga), folios 1a.1–275b.7.
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Chökyi Drakpa (chos kyi grags pa). dam pa’i chos dgongs pa gcig pa’i rnam bshad lung don gsal byed legs bshad nyi ma’i snang ba. In chos kyi grags pa gsung ’bum, vol. 3 (ga), pp. 1–382. Kulhan: Drikung Kagyu Institute, 1999.
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Denkarma (pho brang stod thang ldan dkar gyi chos kyi ’gyur ro cog gi dkar chag), Toh. 4364. Degé Tengyur, vol. 206 (sna tshogs, jo), F.294.b–310.a.
Taktsang Lotsawa Sherab Rinchen (stag tshang lo tsa ba shes rab rin chen). grub mtha’ kun shes. In stag tshang lo tsā ba’i shes rab rin chen gyi gsung skor, vol. 1 (ka), pp. 171–447. Boudha: sa skya rgyal yongs gsung rab slob gnyer khang, 2007.
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